How TTT-E2E Lets Transformers Continuously Learn at Inference—A Plain English Guide

How to Let a Transformer Keep Learning While It Reads: A Plain-English Guide to TTT-E2E “ Keywords: long-context language modeling, test-time training, TTT-E2E, sliding-window attention, meta-learning, inference speed-up 1. The Problem in One Sentence Today’s best language models can open a book, but they cannot close it—they forget the first page before they reach the last. TTT-E2E, a paper posted on arXiv in December 2025, offers a different deal: read once, keep learning, and never pay more per new word. 2. A Quick Refresher (No Math Yet) What we already have Pain point Full attention Remembers everything, cost grows with …